The Chronicles of Problem in Society Essay Topics

The Chronicles of Problem in Society Essay Topics If there's absolutely no method of changing what's happening, it isn't a social matter. The type of information which Becky just got new automobile interior is totally useless in the very long run. On the flip side, as stated by the conflict theory, change is inevitable and frequently beneficial. The issue is still not being addressed as it ought to be. Social awareness is the obligation of every citizen of any nation to spread all of the information, which might give much better lifestyle. The social issues research papers may appear easy to write in comparison with different topics, but still it demands an extremely creative strategy, an enormous quantity of curiosity and capability to think beyond the box and search data in unconventional sources. Social networking encourages the false images of how everything ought to be in an ideal world. Social networking is the main reason for lots of the world's problems and solutions. Problem in Society Essay Topics Fundamentals Explained Writing the college application essay is a difficult gig. Doing this, you'll certainly find your ideal essay title easily and faster. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points you could counter to your own points. If you're applying to a college that doesn't accept the Common App, you will have to answer their particular essay questions. The American Public has at all times tried to set the blame for violence on various kinds of media. Poverty also impacts the environment. Poverty in the society is the main source of several other social difficulties. Facts, Fiction and Problem in Society Essay Topics Odds are, all you have to do is relax and locate a topic you're passionate about and, naturally, one that's debatable. Climate change may be a social problem since it is known to be due to human activities like pollution which then impacts the weather patterns of unique regions. Pollution is a significant social problem everywhere due to the presence of human financial activities like industrial activity and day to day activities. Difficulties with the environment are almost directly associated with poverty and difficulties with education. You just need to ask the correct questions! At precisely the same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of a superior cause and effect essay topic. There's a significant solution to your issue! If you still have issues with topic selection, don't hesitate to request help at GradeMiners. Let's take a quick glance at some of the most fascinating problem solution essay topics for students that will assist you in writing an essay. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but be certain to do your homework on what the present laws about your preferred topic actually say. Don't begin writing your essay with the start or ending, the most essential part is the middle one. It isn't always simple to choose a great topic and story for this kind of essay. While every section of an essay is essential, it is necessary to remember it is in the introduction where readers get to choose whether they ought to be reading the remainder of your composition or not. There's more than 1 approach to compose a narrative essay. Always remember a great persuasive essay needs to be persuasive. Researching the topic will enable you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Thanks to the correct option of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you wish to attain in your essay, there are plenty of categories essay themes may be broken into. Narrative essay topics Narrative essay is somewhat different from different types. Narrative essays don't have such arguments.

The Tragedy Of The Mist By Michael Apted - 1122 Words

The Tragedy That is Gorillas in the Mist Entertainment media, such as television and literature, have often used the archetypal plot tragedy. Tragedy is a plot in which greatness can be crushed and goodness, in turn, defeated. Often, a tragedy presents the challenges of adulthood, rather than a romanticized version of life, proclaiming beauty and youth. In a tragedy, a hero accepts a call to action to go on a journey, and, along the way, fate thwarts their efforts, and they perish or are defeated. Afterwards, the audience experience a feeling of catharsis, or â€Å"the releasing of a strong emotion (such as pity or fear)† (Merriam Webster). Director Michael Apted’s Golden Globes winning movie, Gorillas in the Mist, closely followed the plot of a tragedy. Apted uses archetypal characters, symbols, and pathos to portray a tragedy. Using archetypal characters, such as Dian Fossey, Bob Campbell, and the Batwa, Apted depicts a tragic plot in Gorillas in the Mist. Dian Fosse y travels to the mountains of Central Africa in order to protect the mountain gorillas whose population was rapidly succumbing to poaching in the area. In order to save their lives, Fossey gives up personal relationships, and devotes all of her attention to the gorillas. In Apted’s film, Fossey represents the tragic hero; she takes a call to action to save the mountain gorillas, and is thwarted by efforts from locals in the area, and is eventually murdered for her efforts to protect them. Although her

Does Punishment Deter Crime - 1773 Words

Running Head: DOES PUNISHMENT Does Punishment Deter Crime? Kylon D. Shipp SOC 120 Week 6 Checkpoint University of Phoenix A question that all criminal justice professionals ask themselves is whether or not our justice system is up to the challenge of doing what it originally set out to do: â€Å"protect society from criminals, to punish those who commit crimes, and to make criminals better able to return to society once they have finished their sentences† (Topsfield Foundation, 1996). Although the American system of justice has made great advancements in meeting these goals, one fact that exists is that placing criminals in prison does not benefit everyone. There are five goals of contemporary sentencing, and before we can discuss†¦show more content†¦If these convicted criminals are getting out of prison and engaging in more serious criminal offenses, then how is this beneficial to society or the criminal? The fact of the matter is that it’s not. However, I do believe that placing criminals in prison can prove to be more beneficial if some programs that promote healthy lifestyle s are implemented in all prisons. One problem that leads to criminal behavior is substance abuse. If we can cut back on the amount of teens using drugs and alcohol, then we will greatly impact juvenile delinquency rates, which would in turn impact the number of delinquents who go on to lead lives of crime in adulthood. We must push towards the establishment of drug treatment programs and community based educational programs instead of financing the construction of more jails and prisons. â€Å"In fact, research in a number of disciplines demonstrates that social investments can produce more significant reduction in crime than expanded prison construction† and â€Å"that spending on drug treatment would reduce serious crimes fifteen times more effectively than incapacitating offenders through mandatory prison terms† (Mauer, 2002). Another scholar states that â€Å"†¦since the 1970s, the number of prisons and incarcerated human beings [has] doubled while social ser vices, jobs, and housing disappear. The government s response to problems is to lock people away while eliminating the means forShow MoreRelatedDoes Punishment Deter Crime?1325 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: EFFECTS OF PUNISHMENT Does Punishment Deter Crime? Does Punishment Deter Crime? During biblical times crime not only affected society, but it was believed to have also been directed towards God himself. The Bible is the oldest book to reference with many directives to living life peacefully and without revenge. As retribution is considered a form of punishment, if not the first, the Bible itself explains that the punishment should not exceed the crime. Matthew 5:38 statesRead MoreDoes Capital Punishment Deter Crime? Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesDoes Capital Punishment Deter Crime? Ahmed Salman Argosy University July, 10, 2015 Introduction Capital punishment or death penalty is punishing by death. Crimes that can attract capital punishment are called capital crimes or offenses. In most countries, capital crimes include murder, robbery with violence, and treason (Doyle 2007). At the moment, there are thirty six countries in the world that practice the death penalty. More than 100 countries have abolished the dead penaltyRead MoreDeterrence And Rational Choice Theory777 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the world crime is happening every single day. Yes, some people may feel as if the deterrence theory does not work. Due to the fact that crime still happens in the world. This essay will look at the support for the theory. As well as the key problems for the theory. Next, it will explain some of the newest directions in deterrence/rational choice theory. Finally, it will either agree/disagree with someone’s thought on deterrence and how it does not work and is a waste of time to studyRead MorePunishing Cr iminals by Death Will Deter Future Crimes...or Not?1216 Words   |  5 Pagespunishing criminals by death will deter future crimes. The paragraph further explains how human behavior is related to acts of crime. The essay gives an example of Canada. How crime was not deterred by the imposition of death penalty as a tool used by the system of justice. The essay states some of the research that has been conducted with the intention of proving that capital punishment can deter crimes. This paper points out the effects and imposition of capital punishments on criminal activities. TheRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1135 Words   |  5 Pagesprevent crime( the victorian underworld). in Victorian times, the death penalty was used as a means of controlling. There should be abolishment of this because of the countless innocent men and women being put to death for the stated purpose of preventing crime out of fear. So There should not be a death penalty because it violates human rights, it does not deter crime, and is a cruel and unusual punishment. To begin with the death penalty is a violation of human rights. The form of punishment violatesRead More The Death Penalty is a Necessary Deterrent to Crime Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe Death Penalty is a Necessary Deterrent to Crime    Murder and rape are serious crimes, although they arent the only crimes that could be considered serious. Others that might be considered are stealing, which has numerous categories under it such as grand theft auto, etc†¦ The following story is the true account of a young female named Donna. This story tells of Donnas rape and then her murder by a man named McCorquodale and his friend Leroy. The author is telling this story in order to createRead MoreEssay about The Debate Over Capital Punishment1141 Words   |  5 Pagesover capital punishment has been raging on for countless number of years. Capital punishment has been used for thousands of years due to the physiological fear it inflicts on the people who witness and learn about the death penalty. The use of this punishment has helped to reduce crime and alter the minds of future criminals to deter them against committing heinous crimes such as murder, treason, espionage, terrorism and in some cases aggravated kidnapping. Ad vocates say it deters crime while abolitionistsRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legalized1229 Words   |  5 Pagesdeath penalty needs to be completely abolished. Their view is that is is inhumane and constitutionally unjustified. On the other hand many believe it is a source of deterrence and is the only just punishment for some crimes. When it comes down to it, the death penalty deters crime, is a fair and just punishment, and restores justice. I believe the death penalty should be legalized throughout the entire country. The death penalty has been around for a long time. It has been recorded as being around asRead MoreCapital Punishment Debate Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment Debate The death penalty is a tough debate and an overwhelming argument in this country. We as Americans put Timothy McVeigh to death by lethal injection just three months ago. Arguments can be made for and against the death penalty, but this is not the problem. Capital Punishment is supposed to be a deterrent to crime, but is the death penalty really a deterrent? Capital Punishment is not a deterrent for crime, and the effects ofRead MoreEssay on Capital Punishment Should Be Abolished1108 Words   |  5 PagesCapital Punishment Should be Abolished Evidence suggests that the death penalty does not deter people from committing crimes. It is a cruel and cold blooded form of punishment and there have been instances where innocent people were sentenced to death and later found to be innocent. The most common methods of execution are hanging and shooting. Countries like the U.S. use electrocution, gas chambers and lethal injections to dispose of the convicted. Some countries, like the U.S., have tried

Communication At The Workplace Is A Very Big Resolution

Communication in the workplace is a very big resolution to being able to listen, learn, resolve, and communicate with others around you. Every day you can either improve or diminish in your ability to productively communicate with people who surround you. There are several ways of communication skills that access benefits in the environment you surround yourself in, for example your job, family, even a relationship can consist of enabling you to connect with others in a positive way by simple verbal or physical contact. One’s interest is based on what your topic is. What’s the interest in the topic to the person whom you’re speaking to? Will they lose your attention, some questions that many may wonder would be should you depend on others tones of voices to interpret your following tone? Or should you just stay positive. The Basics A time I personally experienced the fact that communication in the workplace is very important is when I experienced it for myself. Every day I communicate with others just like most. I am a desk receptionist in my father’s office. Therefore, communication is all I really do all day. Talking to others in a respectful and well-mannered way is one of my most important tasks of the day. I love greeting people and helping others when I am at work to satisfy their wants and needs in any possible way I can. One morning I got to work a bit early to make sure I had everything I needed for the day set up and ready to go so that I can start myShow MoreRelatedConflict Resolution934 Words   |  4 Pages Ater sometime she noticed that staff were talking to each other and not paying attention to the work. As it was busy night and she had a lot to finish ,she came on the floor and asked the staff to go back to workstation. Her tone and approach was very wrong. She was aggressive and bossing to them as she is supervisor. The staff did not like her approach but they did not agrue initially and started their work. Erica was under stress as she was aware about the work load. She did not move fromRead MoreConflict Resolution Of The Workplace1585 Words   |  7 Pages Conflict Resolution Although many of us go great lengths to avoid it, sometimes it is just inevitable. People in the workplace setting will always have different ideas, values, and attitudes than others around them. A conflict can arouse in any given setting, and the affect it can have on those involved can either be negative or positive. Depending on the approach and strategies utilized during and after a conflict will determine the result of the conflict. Conflict helps people recognize legitimateRead MorePersonality Profile Reflection Paper1743 Words   |  7 Pagesactions have on performance in the workplace. To provide a personal perspective of personality characteristics, the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) assessment was used to measure aspects of my personality and how these traits relate to working with others and life within an organization. Key observations provide specific insight into how these are applied to workplace behavior and interactions with others. Personal self-re flection related to workplace behavior is offered, including lessonsRead MoreWhat Causes Conflict Between Team Members And Communication, Structure And Personal Issues1103 Words   |  5 Pagesmembers of the team. What causes these differences, and how can they be managed and used to the company’s advantage? There are many factors to consider when determining what causes conflict between team members including communication, structure and personal issues. Communication factors are often the primary source of disagreement among individuals. Misunderstanding of information, differences in interpretation and perception, cultural differences and poor listening can all contribute to informationRead MoreSolutions to Communication Problems1241 Words   |  5 PagesName Instructor Task Date Solutions to Communication Problems Introduction Organizations and institutions are bound to suffer from severe communication problems from time to time. It is widely accepted that communication constitutes the lifeblood of any organization and, therefore, any organization that experiences a breakdown in communication is not likely to live very long since numerous problems will arise that will ultimately cripple the organization and cause it to die (Carpentier 64). ThereforeRead MorePersonal Self Reflection Paper1734 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact individual behavior has on the workplace. To provide a personal perspective of personality characteristics, the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) assessment was used to measure aspects of my personality and how these traits relate to working with others and life within an organization. Key observations provide specific insight into how these are applied to workplace behavior and interactions with others. Personal self-reflection related to workplace behavior is offered, includi ng lessonsRead MoreThe Questions On Workplace Ethics1254 Words   |  6 Pages2010). This scenario is called an ethical dilemma whereby individuals are forced to weigh the right and wrong of their actions (Westerholm, Nilstun, Øvretveit, 2004). In my research the following senior about workplace ethics. The information from the class discussion about the eight steps in resolving a dilemma. I use the eight steps and insert the information. GATHER THE FACTS, Who, what, where, when, how, and why. I have learnt about a surprising piece of information that willRead MoreWorkplace Diversity And The Workplace853 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Diversity Many outstanding articles, books, journals and papers have been written regarding the topic of workforce diversity. Some are relatively short papers such as Diversity in the Workplace published by the University of Florida, and seek to provide the reader with a basic understanding of what is meant by workplace diversity, as well as the potential benefits to both employers and employees alike. Other resources can be significantly more in-depth and explore subtopics of workplaceRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Diversity Portfolio1594 Words   |  7 PagesDiversity Portfolio â€Å"Diversity Portfolio refers to the state of being different or varied in the society or workplace.† It also refers to the extent someone not being identical and its interaction with this environment. Through the analysis of my test result for a diverse portfolio, it could show the following advantages and disadvantages. For advantage, it will be different for me to get into a big trouble as I am tend to avoid risk. It means the potential possibility of being stuck in a risky situationRead MoreCommunication : An Effective Communication1292 Words   |  6 PagesLIU 0BX Assessment 1 Communication is a very important part in business doesn’t matter small large. Even the normal one-to-one method of communications can be full of challenges and misleading. By communicating other person with purpose and try to focus on relationships and results, companies can take advantage effective communication strategies to create solid results with not only single person but with multiple audiences. Open An open communication is the way of communication in which all members

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Southwest Airlines Organizational Culture - 770 Words

Southwest Airlines corporate philosophy can be credited to one of the founders Herb Kelleher. It is an airline company with a unique culture â€Å"goofiness†, which keeps the morale of its employees high (Smith, 2004), and is a company that welcomes fun, dedication, and effort. Southwest believes that a happy employee will create a happy customer, and will create loyal customers. Mr. Kelleher effectively implemented its style, culture and emphasis on quality in the daily actives at Southwest (Smith, 2004), and he did so without the help of outside consultants. The Airline was founded in 1971 by Herb Kelleher and Rollin King, and in the 1980’s nine years after Southwest was established they adopted a mission statement (Smith, 2004):†¦show more content†¦. Altruism is a corporate value that begins at the top and trickles downward (Quick, 1992). Southwest Airlines holds this value of great importance, because they believe in caring and giving to other people (Quick, 1992). Communication at Southwest is a key factor for its success as a company, and will remain that way for the future. It is with effective communication that Southwest Airlines has been able to provide guidelines that their employees are able to follow. At any job, job descriptions evidently describe responsibilities between employees and departments (Smith. 2004). But at Southwest their philosophy is shared goals, shared knowledge and mutual respect, with the expectation that each person’s job includes helping fellow colleagues with their work any time necessary (Smith, 2004). Good communications skills are critical to a business’s success, and Herb Kelleher is renowned as an effective communicator and has gained the trust of his employees through the years. Conflict is an important and useful part of communication, and can be a misconception in group communication, because it can often be viewed as bad and should be avoided. However, in the case of Southwest Airlines, it is a company who has an open door policy, â€Å"can do† and â€Å"let’s try problem solutions (Bunz Maes, 1998). Employees are encouraged to generate ideas and then try them (Bunz Maes, 1998). ConflictShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Culture Of Southwest Airlines814 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyze the organizational culture of the Southwest Airlines The airline which is categorized as a regional airline is known for its profitability and excellent customer service within the transportation industry (SWA, 2015). What are the espoused values and beliefs of the companies? Values and beliefs of a company can attract investors to a company or deter investors from a company. Fortunately, the SWA has attractive values and beliefs. According to SWA’s home page, the Southwest Airlines missionRead MoreOrganizational Culture and Change in Southwest Airlines1426 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational culture and change in Southwest Airlines Organizational Culture and Change Introduction Organizations like the Southwest Airlines all have a culture, which demonstrates how the organization works and usually acts as its motivational tool. An organizational culture is important to the organization, as it is the major element in helping attain the organizations goals and objectives. Cultures in organizations are vast, with different organizations adopting their own type of cultureRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Organizational Behavior Culture2118 Words   |  9 PagesSWA Organizational Behavior Culture Southwest Airlines’ Success through Organization Culture Kristin Philip Abstract This paper, Southwest Airlines’ Success through Organization Culture gives an account of the development of the organizational culture of Southwest Airlines. The paper starts with the background of Southwest and its development over the years. The paper explains the unique culture of Southwest, and how it has helped Southwest Airlines to face challenges. The paper also describesRead MoreSouthwest Airlines: Organizational Culture616 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"Southwest is one of the most admired companies in the country, respected in an industry thats better known for delayed flights and bad customer service than a great corporate culture.† (Business Insider) Southwest Airlines is known by many to have a long history or service in the airline industry. In many ways its rise to success is nothing less than astonishing. The company has been innovative in both its methods of marketing and its ability to manage its workforce effectively. Many consider SouthwestRead MoreThe Merger of Airtran by Southwest Airlines: Will the Organizational Cultures Merge?717 Words   |  3 PagesDiscuss the layers of culture that are evident in this case Information systems development: AirTran uses Navitaire as reservations system vendor while Southwest uses Sabre to better accommodates international flights. Also, AirTran uses online travel agencies for ticket distribution while Southwest sells its tickets via telephone and its website. Management and strategy: Southwest airlines have a different approach in managing and training its employees. Also Southwest culture focuses on employeesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Communication Paper1190 Words   |  5 PagesSouthwest Airlines Organizational Behavior amp; Communication Paper Erica Sepulveda Communications for Accountants/Com 530 January 30, 2012 Southwest Airlines Organizational Behavior amp; Communication Paper Airlines, such as Southwest Airlines, strive to provide the best customer service that they can offer to keep their customers happy. A prospective Southwest passenger may probably make their reservation by calling the customer service number, logging onRead MoreLeadership of Southwest Airlines1148 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership of Southwest Airlines Southwest Airlines is often a modeled by other companies for its organizational structure. Organizations that have an effective management team are successful in developing a strong organizational culture, utilizing managerial controls, and leveraging diversity. Effective management teams are developed by cultivating leadership skills in those that supervise the company’s associates. Organizations want managers that can motivate their associates to achieve theRead MoreSouthwest Airlines: Organizational Commitment and Communication Paper1231 Words   |  5 PagesSouthwest Airlines: Organizational Commitment and Communication Paper Communications for Accountants COM/530 Southwest Airlines: Organizational Commitment and Communication Paper    Southwest Airlines’ strong organizational culture is reflected in its mission as shown in its website: â€Å"dedication to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company Spirit.† Southwest is a company that not only excels in customer serviceRead MoreSpecial Organization Features in Companies and Their Effectiveness1225 Words   |  5 Pagesachieve better performance. What evidence is there to support this? Semco and Southwest are recognized as exceptionally successful organizations managed through democratic participative and functional management as the basis of their organizational strategy. The most distinctive organizational characteristic shared by Semco and Southwest is the practice of unorthodox business organizational culture. Organizational culture is defined as actions and attitudes of individuals and groups toward one anotherRead MoreOrganizational Strategy at Southwest Airlines784 Words   |  3 PagesSouthwest Airlines Introduction Southwest Airlines represents a rather unique organizational force that has driven the company to success since its inception in 1971. One of the most unique features about the organizational structure is that it is largely decentralized and employees are openly welcomed to express their opinions on a wide range of organizational issues. However, despite the hands off management strategy, the company consistently ranks as one of the top airlines in regards to

Individuality, Equality, And Sameness - 1545 Words

Individuality, Equality, and Sameness What is the differentiation between equality and sameness? How does one’s identity effect these two notions? In Bradbury’s and Vonnegut’s fictitious stories, â€Å"The Pedestrian†, â€Å"Fahrenheit 451†, and â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†, these concepts and their relationship is depicted to the reader in the form of dystopias. These dystopias may not exist, but these science fictional societies certainly could be made to exist. These stories contain elements that anyone can relate to, and like all science fiction, accommodate real life factors such as technology, life, and government. Bradbury’s and Vonnegut’s stories convey the message that humanity needs to acknowledge its own need for individuality and be aware of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The television program was suddenly interrupted for a news bulletin. It wasn’t clear at first as to what the bulletin was about, since the announcer, like all announcers, had a serious speech impediment...the announcer tried to say ladies and gentlemen, he finally gave up, handed the bulletin to the ballerina to read...she had to apologize at once for her voice, which was a very unfair voice for a woman to use. Her voice was warm, luminous, timeless melody (Kurt Bergeron Page. 3).† Mr. Bergeron enclosed this quote, to show that instead of having people employed that best suit a job, characters often take jobs that do not suit them. Not only could this cause a person to be miserable with their work, but it limits the occupations one can have, and makes it extremely hard to exceed in a trade or career. As a result, there’s a society where people are punished for being different, where there is an absurd idea that it is possible for citizens to have equality and sameness at the same time, and an environment, where no one is joyful. That is to say, that sameness is not equality, much less happiness. In Ray Bradbury’s â€Å"The Pedestrian† and â€Å"Fahrenheit 451† readers enter a society where everyone has similar items, where everyone learns the same facts, and where there is a minuscule amount of crime. However, no one interacts with each other. In â€Å"The Pedestrian† the majority of people prefer to stayShow MoreRelatedOver Many Years, Lois LowryS Novels Have Been Analyzed1548 Words   |  7 Pagesand individuality would be eliminated so there is no conflict. Society would have no recollection of a pessimistic memory in such a world. There would be no hardship whatsoever in this utopian world, only equality. The Giver, written by Lois Lowry in 1993, is a prose fiction novel entailing a narrative of a twelve-year-old boy named Jonas. Along with the rest of his community members, he does not have a last name. The society that Jonas has grown up in decided to abide by a plan of â€Å"Sameness† whichRead MoreHumor And Science Fiction By Kurt Vonnegut1298 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most recurring themes discussed by Vonnegut in his work is individuality. He constantly highlights the importance of individuality in an ironic way; by displaying the negative repercussions of an extreme social equality. In this paper I will analyze the topic of individuality in some of Vonnegut’s acclaimed short stories. The first story is â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†, which is probably the most famous of his stories regarding individuality. In the story, the government suppresses all creativity and talentRead MoreEssay about Women In Islam1540 Words   |  7 PagesTraditions of the Prophet (Hadith and Sunnah) guarantee every Muslim woman certain rights and duties. Equality vs. Sameness These rights are equal to those of a man but they are not necessarily identical. Equality and sameness are two different things. This difference is understandable because man and woman are not identical but they are created equals. The distinction between equality and sameness is of paramount importance. With this distinction in mind, there is no room to imagine that womanRead MorePersuasive Essay On Dress Code733 Words   |  3 Pagesmoving from California to Texas, I was fortunate enough to still be in a great public school system, but I was not lucky enough to escape an excessively strict dress code.   While many people in private schools have complete uniforms to implement equality, being confined through a severe dresscode not only impaired my freedom of expression, but also the ability to grow into myself.   Ã‚  As an adult, I am expected to make choices for myself, present myself in a certain way, and how important I am dependsRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury124 0 Words   |  5 Pagesthe novel Fahrenheit 451 and the short story Harrison Bergeron, this proves to be more than true. These pieces of literature each display similar values of society, technological advancements, rebellious acts, and a human desire for fulfillment of equality. The values of society seen in each story are relatively indistinguishable. A primary example is conformity which has been demonstrated in each throughout. â€Å"We stand against the small tide of those who want to make everyone unhappy with conflictingRead MoreGullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift940 Words   |  4 Pagescan see this between Gulliver and the Houyhnhnms. For example, The Houyhnhnms have a strict family structure where the parents raise only one boy and one girl and children are traded in efforts to maintain this balance. This, as well as the idea of equality and honesty pervades throughout their society are, indeed, aspects of a utopian society similar to that from Thomas Mores Utopia by, according to Edward J. Reilly, both employing imaginary lands and â€Å"depict supposedly ideal societies.† And, of courseRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s Song Of Myself1178 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"These are really the thoughts of all men in all ages and lands, they ar e not original with me† (Whitman 17). Also complimenting each other are their ideas of great men throughout history. Emerson states, â€Å"No greater men are than ever were, a singular equality may be observed between the great men or the first and last years†, while Whitman says, â€Å"Births have brought us richness and variety†¦ I do not call one greater and one smaller, that which fills its period and place is equal to any† (44). The selfRead MoreEmerson and Whitmans Views of Self Essay473 Words   |  2 PagesReliance. Whitman, an American poet, and Emerson, an American philosopher, take different approaches in their search for self-discovery, yet within their solutions, many parallels can be found. Emersons message is one of non-conformity and individuality. He views every man as unique within, and feels society, exterior elements and tradition are mans downfall. He urges us to be a product of ourselves, to live in the present, rather than measure our worth against mans past accomplishments orRead MoreThe Historical And Cultural Context Of The Novels Essay2020 Words   |  9 Pagesgoing wrong (Golder 2015: XX). While utopias up to the 1850s were more concerned with the possibilities of improved life because of technological advancement, the utopias and dystopias after that were more concerned with human consciousness and individuality. Nevertheless, utopias came into disrepute due to the absorption of utopian principles into the ‘ideologies of the totalizing systems of Stalinist Russia, Nazi Germany, and the corporate United States’ (Moylan 1986: 8). They all claimed eitherRead MoreThe Precipice Of Knowledge : Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1964 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferences between men and women within society. They knew they would need to create an effect of sameness within Brave New World. They utilized the understanding that â€Å"that gender is made by culture in history† (Rivkin and Ryan 766) and â€Å"’women,’ and by extension, any gender, is an historical situation rather than a natural fact† (Butler 901). It is this knowledge that drives the Controllers to create sameness and lack of gender identity within the World State. They first conditioned the children to see

Civil Rights and Equality Free Essays

African American Civil right and Equality Tara Faircloth HIS 204 Mr. Galano October 28, 2011 The topic I have chosen to write about is how African Americans worked to end segregation, discrimination, and isolation to obtain equality and civil rights. Ever since the African Americans were slaves they have had to come a long way to get where they are today. We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Rights and Equality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some have even held positions in political offices, managed corporations, and gained all the rights that everyone else has. But, it’s never always been that way. African Americans were treated unjustly and had to go through things that most people cannot understand and have never had to endure. Over the generations African Americans have had to deal with many different struggles. Some of these struggles were unnecessary. Such as, them having to be a witness to their parents death, men would be witness to the rape of their mothers or wives, children being murdered or beaten. Back in those days the African Americans had no voice or rights. When they first came to the United States, African Americans were sold into slavery, which meant them or family members were auctioned to the slave owners. On top of this and other struggles, African Americans had to bare unmentionable punishments. They were sprayed with high power water hoses, beaten with sticks and wipes, arrested for no apparent reason, and even murdered. Between the 1950’s and 1970’s many people took part in actions to end the segregation, discrimination, and isolation among the African Americans. Some of these people included, Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. who took part in nonviolent actions, which involved sit-ins, boycotts, marches and other peaceful types of protests. For example, On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks who was also known as the â€Å"Mother of the Civil Rights Movement† who refused to give up her seat to a white passenger. Because she was disobedient by law she was arrested, tried, and convicted for misconduct. After Rosa Parks made her stand, word spread within the African American communities. Fifty African American leaders put together the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which demanded more humane transportation system. The boycott lasted 381 days before the local ordinance segregating African Americans and whites on public buses was abolished. In 1965, a federal court forced the buses to become desegregated. Martin Luther King Jr. was an American activist, clergyman, as well as a leader in the African American Civil Rights Movement. He is to this day still known as an iconic figure for the advancement of civil rights within the United States and in other parts of the world, as well as for using nonviolent methods that he learned from Gandhi’s teachings. Martin Luther King Jr. s made to be a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism. When King started the civil rights movement he was a pastor at a Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama, for just over a year when the civil rights advocate contested racial segregation on city buses. The activists followed King and formed the Montgomery Improvement Association which boycotted the transit system. Finally, since the African America ns were ready to do something to support their rights they followed Kings Advice to â€Å"work with grim and firm determination to gain justice on the buses in the city†. He was respected and it was thought that his family connections and professional standing would enable him to find other pastorates, if the boycott was to fail. On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was shot standing outside on the balcony of his second story hotel room. The bullet went through his check smashing his jaw, and then went through his spinal cord just before it lodged inside his shoulder. Martin Luther King Jr. was pronounced dead later that night. African Americans began participating in boycotts, marches, and sit-ins to get legislation passed to overcome their degrading issues. Some cases of these are, they boycotted when Rosa Parks was arrested, during sit-ins they would sit where the white people section was. By doing any of these actions it created more issues for them such as being beaten by white men and women including the police. Although, the African Americans were just trying to stand up for what they believed in the white people did not agree. The white people had very different views on what they believed were supposed to be the way of things. While the civil rights movement took on two different paths which were the non-violent actions by Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. there were also violent acts that were the strategies of Malcolm X who went by a strict principle of violence to get even with the whites that committed crimes against the African Americans. Malcolm X was born May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. He was the son of a Baptist minister, who was an admirer of Marcus Garvey. Garvey was the African American Nationalist leader back in the 1920’s the advocated the â€Å"back-to-Africa† movement. Malcolm’s family had to move around a lot because they were harassed by the Ku Klux Klan. For example, their home in Michigan was set on fire by the Ku Klux Klan which resulted in his father’s death. At the age of fifteen Malcolm began a criminal life of gambling, selling drugs, burglary, and hustling. In 1946, Malcolm was given ten years in prison for burglary at this time is when he began to transform his life. He transformed his life by studying the teachings of Muhammad and practicing this religion faithfully. After he expanded his vocabulary he began to understand the racial teachings of his new found religion; which believed the white man was evil, and they were doomed by Allah and that the best things for the black man to do was to separate himself from Western, white civilization-culturally, politically, physically, and psychologically. In conclusion, the African Americans had to endure a lot of pain and humiliation before they could have their own rights. If it wasn’t for everyone that took part in the civil rights movement African Americans probably never would have received recognition and being treated the same as the white man. How to cite Civil Rights and Equality, Papers

Economic Integration Of The Baltic Sea Region Essay Example For Students

Economic Integration Of The Baltic Sea Region Essay Economic Integration of the Baltic Sea Regionand the Passenger Traffic IssuesHelsingin YliopistoBaltic CitiesAugust 2000Christopher Dahlstrand and Devon WebsterTable of Contents:I.Introduction2II.Goals of Economic Integration2III.VASAB 20103IV.Oresund vs. Helsinki Tallinn Link4V.Aviation Development in Scandinavia7VI.Conclusion10VII.Works Cited11I. IntroductionEconomic integration is not an easy task. This is clearly evident by its nature, and even more so a problem in the Baltic region where there have been so many political changes in recent history. We have seen the formation of three newly re-independent states, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. East and West Germany have been reunited to form a new nation. The communist governments of the former Soviet Bloc have been replaced by democracy. These changes have made economic integration not only more difficult, but also to some degree more necessary. Europe as a whole is becoming an economically integrated union, mainly in the natio ns of the European Union, but in non-member nations as well. Perhaps the best example of this phenomenon of economic integration is the introduction of a common European currency, the Euro. This more than anything signifies the changes and levels of increasing co-operation between European Union nations. A second example could be the creation of a common trade zone, with the creation of a common tax base and the abolition of import-export fees, and the creation of the common European market, where business effectively get to treat the entire European Union as one state. Because economic integration has been a major issue in the new EU, there have been long lasting effects on the Baltic Sea region. For the purposes of this essay, we have chosen to examine the impacts of economic integration in the Baltic region in the transportation sector. This work will examine the meaning of economic integration, the VASAB 2010 project, and two case studies. These studies will be investigating avi ation development in Scandinavia and its feasibility, as well as the possibility of a Helsinki- Tallinn link similar to the bridge-link opened in Oresund. Economic integration is impossible to address fully in a short essay, but hopefully this work will at least touch upon the important aspects effecting transportation issues with relation to economics in the Baltic Sea region. II. Goals of Economic IntegrationDefinitionEconomic integration can be defined as an economic alliance or network based on co-operation, collaboration, flexibility, adaptation, risk and cost reduction, shared interests and objectives, closeness, openness, and a commitment between different countries on an integrating, ongoing basis. ExplanationThis rather technical definition essentially means that economic integration is the creation of a network of like-minded states who, together, design economic goals and work together to attain these goals. Economic integration can be accomplished on a case by case basis, or can be an ongoing collaboration between nations to enhance economic conditions over a long period of time. Perhaps it is best to explain with an example: that of the co-operation between Tornio in Finland and Haparanda in Sweden. In this instance, these two border towns have decided to co-operate on a number if issues to enhance the quality of life and economic activity in t he region. Because of their co-operation, both cities have benefited from enhanced city-provided services, which each town on their own would not have been able to afford. These two cities have been successful enough in their economic integration that there are now talks about integrating the entire region straddling the Sea of Bothnia. This region of successful economic integration can be used as a model for other areas, both in Scandinavia and throughout the world. Relation of Economic Integration to Land and Air Transportation Economic integration and transportation are closely linked. Indeed, it is difficult to have integration of any sort, including economic, in an area without the ability to get from one location to the other. If a link is created between to previously unlinked areas, there are numerous economic consequences. An example timeline is increased tourism initially, followed by small-business investment, and ultimately the rise of co-operation in major projects. Transportation links create economic benefits for both of the linked areas, and transportation, in all of its forms, can therefore be said to be an important factor in creating the economic integration of an area. III. VASAB 2010As a supplementary issue to the larger topic of this paper, we will discuss VASAB 2010. In August of 1992, representatives from national and regional ministries of the Baltic Sea Region responsible for spatial planning and development met in Karls korona in Sweden to discuss the future of spatial development for the Region. The outcome of this summitt was a permanent co-operation between the governments of the Baltic Sea Region in the field of spatial planning in the form of a program called Visions and Strategies Around the Baltic Sea 2010. (Westerman 169) The program, or vision that is VASAB 2010 in its most basic form is aimed at improving the quality of life in the area of the Baltic Sea. Four more elements constitute the heart of the program, and give it purpose: (Westerman 171)-development beyond economic growth and prosperity,-economic, social and environmental sustainability, -freedom pertaining to the ability to choose in accordance with regional preferences,-solidarity, sharing benefits from economic development. Since the first meeting in 1992, the 11 participating countries have met to discuss action plans on a regular basis. A list of priority actions was put together in 1996, highlighting projects that the VASAB countries agreed upon to be most critical at that time. (Westerman 172) Of this list, several of those endeavors have moved forward. Pilot projects focusing on transport corridors in fast developing areas such as Tampere-Helsinki-Tallinn-Riga, and the areas surrounding the Trans European Motorway have accelerated quite successfully. The development of a transport network in the Baltic Sea Region has positive and negative effects on regional development. A better system of transportation would enhance economic development by increasing mobility opportunities, attracting capital and improving accessibility. At the same time, too intense development can jeopardize the preservation of natural resources, wildlife areas and the environment. Thus, harmony must be sought between the devel opment of corridors and the preservation of sensitive areas. VASAB 2010 recognizes that spatial planning and economic integration must shift its attention from solely the building of an infrastructure, to the analysis of green areas, preservation of resources and natural landscape, and a means of reconciling socio-economic development with nature and culture. VASAB 2010 is well on its way to achieving it goals of integration and peace by demonstrating that its programs can be carried out, while balancing economic development with environmentally and culturally sound means of land and water transport that will take the region well into the 21st century. IV. Oresund vs. Helsinki- Tallinn LinkThere are three questions I pose for this section, which compares the recently opened Oresund- Malmo link, connecting the city and environs of Copenhagen with southern Sweden. These questions are: Would a link like Oresund be needed for Helsinki and Tallinn, would it be a practical project, and wo uld it be feasible (meaning would it be a technical possibility)? As we will see, there are many similarities between Copenhagen and Malmo and between Helsinki and Tallinn. For instance, the populations of the regions are remarkably similar, with each city pair containing around 1.5 million inhabitants. Another similarity is that it is anticipated that the Oresund link will cause 4,015,000 crossings a year, remarkably close to the 5 million that currently use the Helsinki- Tallinn links. (Janos 22) Are these similarities enough to cause the construction of the largest land link in history? Is a Link Between Helsinki and Tallinn Needed?This in an interesting question to pose, and there are definitely two sides to this issue. On one hand, we have upwards of 5 million Finns and Estonians making the crossing over the Gulf of Finland yearly. This would clearly indicate a strong demand for regional transportation links. On the other hand, we have to look at the reasons people are making t he crossing, and what a new link would mean, or not mean, to them. First lets examine the issue of the quantities of people making the crossing now. Since the fall of the Soviet Union and the independence of Estonia in 1991, there has been a dramatic increase in traffic between Finland and Estonia. Up until independence, it was extremely difficult to make the crossing without first going through an intermediary destination, such as Moscow or St. Petersburg. There have been ships crossing the Gulf of Finland since 1965, however, the traffic was heavily regulated by the Soviet government and was largely limited to the tourist trade. (Ruoppila 124) Since the first link was established after Estonian re-independence, and became increasingly popular, we now have around 5 million people making the crossing yearly. In the almost 10 year period there has been a tremendous growth rate in the crossing. If the trend continues, there would definitely be a demand for some sort of bridge or tunne l between Helsinki and Tallinn. However, one must also look at the population of the region. In Helsinki and Tallinn combined, there are approximately 1,334,000 inhabitants. For the two countries, the combined population is just over 7 million people. For there to be up to 5 million crossings yearly, there either has to be a lot of repeat travellers, or practically every Finn making the crossing at least yearly. I think unless there is a great boom in tourism, above and beyond what it is now in the area, the growth rate of travel between Helsinki and Tallinn will gradually level off. To take a second look at the issue, we need to examine why Finns and Estonians are making the crossing from one capital to the other. A majority of travellers between the two cities are Finnish. The main reason that Finns travel to Estonia is to shop and purchase duty-free items. (Ruoppila 125) There may be some element of tourism involved, with Finns, foreigners, and Estonians making the crossing merel y to sightsee. For the purposes of this paper, I think most of the crossings are done as a matter of consumer consumption or business. The business aspect of the crossings cant be neglected, however, there is not a significant number of commuters on the Helsinki- Tallinn route. When compared to the need for an Oresund-type link over the Gulf of Finland, the commuter traffic wont play as large as role as it did in the Copenhagen- Malmo region. Goods and services are many times cheaper in Estonia, and for this reason I think there has been the great boom in travel between the two cities, especially for the Finns. They can make the crossing relatively cheaply, and if they purchase enough goods at lowered or duty-free prices, they can actually save money by making the journey. Tobacco and alcohol seem to be especially popular purchases, with savings over 20% off of normal, retail Finnish prices. Kyresha LeFever EssayIs Aviation Development in the Baltic Region Feasible?Money is always the bottom line in any business transaction. And setting up airline service between two cities constitutes just that. Airlines have limited resources that must be taken into account before any deal is finalised. Pilots, crew, aircraft, maintenance employees, spare parts and storage and a plethora of other logistical minutiae are all considered carefully before inaugurating service between new city pairs. If the airline is young and strapped for resources, they will focus all of their energy on an area where they know they can make a profit and serve the majority of their customers best. Usually, this is at a hub in a large city. This does not always have to be the case, however. It takes a special leader, special employees, and a special vision to run an airline without a hub and make it work. Hubs are the lifeblood of a scheduled air carrier. The companys top executives, the fleet, the emplo yees are all concentrated there for convenience purposes. And in terms of shuttling passengers around with the least amount of hassle, its the system that makes the most sense. Passengers are ferried in from all over the country, brought to a common airport, and ferried out again. Its a simple one-stop way of connecting passengers with their destinations. Southwest Airlines operates as one of the best airlines in the United States, and it does not conform the hub and spoke system. Essentially, the airline operates from city to city, sometimes stopping 3 or 4 times before reaching its final destination. A system like that of Southwests is what would be necessary in the case of the Baltic region. Airlines with their bases in these areas are not capable, not strong or large enough to support a vast network of hub and spoke operations with their small fleets and limited human resources. Feasible, yes. But difficult, indeed; and risky, too. Finnair, for example, would have to cease non-s top operations from Helsinki to Kittila, and instead, fly a route where the aircraft would make 3 stops before arriving. This would not, however, be a feasible plan, as the aircraft do not have the capacity to operate routes like that. Airlines also risk losing passengers to carriers who can get them to their destination without the hassle of having to stop. Thus, the feasibility of developing routes in the Baltic in this manner is closely linked with the carriers availability of resources, and is usually too great a risk to attempt. VI. ConclusionThe necessity and feasibility of a link similar to that constructed between Oresund and Malmo would not be practical for Helsinki and Tallinn, as closely linked and as co-operative as the two capitals are. There simply is not the demand nor the resources needed to complete such a major project. Passenger traffic flows are high enough to warrant a link, however, there is also currently more than enough methods of making the crossing than really needed. A new link would almost certainly be uneconomical, and would do little to enhance passenger traffic between Finland and Estonia. In the arena of aviation in Scandinavia, the necessity and practicality of further aviation development in Finland and Estonia will not precipitate major changes in the transportation infrastructure of either country for some time. Currently, the areas served by both countrys air carriers are suitable, and in some cases, excessive for the number of passengers residing in areas of low population density and minimal economic activity. People tend to gravitate toward centers of high economic growth and development, and airports are placed in and around those areas to provide easy and ample access to those places. Thus, if the airports and carriers are already serving those areas which need it most, it would seem as though the government and private aviation companies have a firm grasp on things. In conclusion, we have determined that there is little than can be done in terms of passenger traffic to enhance the economic integration of the Baltic Sea area, especially in and between Finland and Estonia. The low population of the area and the already adequate services further restrict the need for a greater transportation infrastructure in the area. VII. Works CitedAirlines in Europe Page: E,F,G. Airline Directory. 8 August 2000 http://www.airlines.com/directory.cfmAirlines in Europe Page: R,S,T. Airline Directory. 8 August 2000 http://www.airlines.com/directory.cfmDestinations in Finland Page. Finnair Oyj. 11 August 2000 http://www.finnair.com/flights/dest_fin.htmGreve, Irene. The Best of Copenhagen and Malmo. Highlife. July 2000, 28. Janos, Nemes. Koppenhaga. Horizon. July 2000, 22. Ruoppila, Sampo. Helsinki- Tallinna. Helsinki: The City of Helsinki, Information Management Centre. 1996: 124. U.S. Congress on the Internet Page. Thomas Legislative Information. 10 August 2000 http://thomas.loc.gov/ Westerman, Ralph. VASAB 2010: A Critical Analysis. 1998.

Personnel Management and Changing Innovation

Question: Discuss about the Personnel Management and Changing Innovation. Answer: Introduction Flextronics International Limited is a multinational supply chains management solutions company of American origin in electronics manufacturing and original design manufacturing company. The company offers design, manufacturing and after-sale services to original equipment manufacturers. The company is the second largest multinational electronics manufacturing company, with manufacturing operations established and running in over 40 countries with as many as 200,000 employees worldwide, and over 5,000 in Singapore. The company established in Singapore in 1990 after shifting base from Silicon Valley where it was founded in 1980. The companys dominance in the electronics industry in Singapore is not in question. The company was ranked third by IndustryWeek under 100 Best Managed Companies. the company prides itself as a leading sketch-t-o-scale solutions company that designs and builds intelligent products for a connected world. The company is looking to hire a Quality Technician in the manufacturing department. The candidate is required to qualifications, responsibilities and duties of the Quality Technician are outlined in the succeeding chapters. Job Analysis The job analysis, or human resource edit, details the performance elements that constitute employee role, limits within which they are performed and the job requirements in terms of aptitudes, attitudes, knowledge, skills and physical abilities of the candidate employee (Wilson, 2007). The purpose of the job analysis is to provide information enable the organization and the candidate employees to understand the important duties of the job, how they are to be undertaken and the necessary human abilities and skills necessary for the role. Job Description Job Brief Level: Senior Executive Reports to: Production Superintendent Salary: $5000-8000(SGD) Flextronics Limited is looking for a thorough Quality Technician to be charged with the responsibility of maintaining the product and services quality at a consistently satisfactory standard by establishing and overseeing checking procedures. As a quality technician, you will be attached to both quality control and quality assurance and other positions relating to these roles are in the engineering and manufacturing departments. The goal is to maintain the products in the best possible quality as per customer requirements. Quality Technician Job Responsibilities Visual inspection of products in-production and after-production. Compilation of inspection and technical reports, and report abnormalities to engineers. Report non-conformance of products in line with customer specifications Identification of opportunities for future expansion. Enforcement of quality standards in the manufacturing department. Quality Technician Requirements Proven practical experience as quality technician in an electronics manufacturing company. Basic understanding of electrical and electronics engineering Knowledge of general quality control and assurance processes and practices Working knowledge of tools, common electronics and electrical appliances Manual skillfulness and problem-solving skills. Good physical stamina and strength with willingness to work overtime. Quality Technician Skills and Qualifications Process Improvement, Data Processing and Interpretation, Communication and Interpersonal Skills, Teamwork and Leadership Skills, Quality Engineering, Excellent Attention to Detail, Mental and Physical Toughness. Job description, however, does not solely provide explicit guidance to both the organization and candidate employees on how to conduct the whole recruitment and selection process. Another data set is necessary to create fit between position, qualifications, and talent, evaluate performance and estimate training requirements for this position (Todaycut). Job Specification Experience A minimum of two years of experience is required in quality assurance or quality control with a renowned electronics company. Experience in QA/QC processes Experience in Performance Testing is an added advantage. Education Qualifications Candidate MUST have a Bachelors degree in Quality Assurance/Testing and Control. Knowledge in ISO 9001 requirements The candidate must have a regular MBA from a reputable institution Skills and Knowledge Knowledge in Failure Analysis and Reporting Knowledge in Quality tools such as SPC, FMEA, GDT other related tools. Knowledge in Java programming will be an added advantage. (JobStreet International). It also of prime importance to explicitly define the responsibilities of the Quality Technician. This is to ensure that candidate employees are well aware of whats expected of them in their capacity as Quality Technician. Job Design Job design is also an essential factor in the recruitment process. A job design details the responsibilities and duties of a position in line with they key roles outlined in the job description. Consider the following illustration: Edgar had just completed college where hed studied hotel management and catering. His first job was working at a popular tourist resort. He was excited to earn his first paycheck. His excitement was however short-lived as he was fired two weeks later. The reason? Edgar thought his only duties were serving drinks and meals to revelers and clearing the tables afterwards. He never understood that he also had to present the bill to the customers, cleaning and arranging furniture after his shift and restocking supplies (Nemetz, 2003). Edgars misfortunes resulted because the human resource department didnt provide him with a job design. A job design specifies the responsibilities and qualifications required for a position. A job description also helps with recruitment short-listing because candidate employees will be able to shape their expectations from the position. A suitable approach for creating the job design section is the job enlargement by rotation (or cross-training for short). Here, the Quality Technician is rotated through various sections or stations of the manufacturing department at different times (Job Design: Definition and Purpose). He, for instance, may be tasked with raw material specification and mixing during the first quarter of the year, then be in the in-production section during the second quarter. He could then proceed to the end-product quality assurance, control during the third quarter, and finish off at the product quality compliance testing section in the fourth quarter. The job design, then, is structured to prompt applications from candidates who have had previous experience in raw materials specification, electronics manufacture as well as testing. This approach is very effective in ensuring the candidate is not only aware of his responsibilities, but it saves future conflict on employee duties. Another approach that could be adopted is the job enrichment. In this approach, performance is calibrated vertically with the Quality Technician given a clear career path from entry-level to senior level with clear milestones for promotion and recognition. This approach however has the disadvantage of creating single-mindedness and narrowness in scope at the workplace as the Quality Technician is focused on getting better at his specific roles and moving upwards in the career ladder. A blend of these two approaches however creates an approach that creates an excellent job design for objective recruitment. This is because it borrows from Hackman and Oldhams job characteristics model with a promise of improved general performance and boosted employee moral (Hackman Oldham, 2010). The following responsibilities set, derived using the two approaches, is included as job design. Participate in pre-production quality planning Technical and administrative support as and when required Preparation of bill of quantities and technical report Development of control strategies and polishing existing ones Implement strategies for lean management Analysis and reporting of external and internal quality status. Recommend quality improvement measures Co-ordination of audit by external parties, organizational preparation for said audits, and oversees all quality control/management matters. Instigation of quality non-conformity prevention measures for production process as well as products. Liaison with Safety Engineer to ensure quality standards and safety standards are complimentary. (Editor, 2015). The combination of job description, job design and job description are important aspects of a position advertisement in that they attract the best qualified persons for the position of Quality Engineer. Further, the candidates are fully aware of the job duties should they be shortlisted. After a clear and concise job analysis has attracted the right candidates, then comes the process of selection and recruitment. What are the best selection and recruitment strategies to ensure the best-fit candidate (or candidates) is selected for the position? Selection and Recruitment Strategies Selection and recruitment criteria are the ultimate determinants for the correctness in choice for filling the position of Quality Technician. Depending on the target qualities and constraints like time, number of applicants, the hiring manager needs develop an objective Recruitment Plan that would enable them to hire the right candidates. Recruitment activities could be technical and vocational events, mass media advertisements, as well as organizational internal affairs (for instance employee referral or internal advertisement) (Sulich, 2016). As this is a middle-level position, employee referral and internal recruitment will be best for filling this position. Further, the documented Recruitment Plan shall have all the necessary elements like adequate posting period, placement goals, additional advertising sources, diversity agents and rsum banks. Adequate posting period for candidates to view the advertisement and prepare applications while placement goals included in the recruitment plan helps to narrow the selection. Additional advertising sources help with message broadcast to ensure the recruitment meets the diversity UCR values in its workforce (Nick, 2012). Conclusion This paper has also argued for the importance of a job design in recruitment. In our illustration, Edgar wouldnt have applied for the position if he didnt expect to clean up, re-arrange furniture, and restock supplies after his shift. Even better, he would have understood these responsibilities as part of his overall job description. Evidently, this approach helps save future problems in job performance or need to re-hire had the job design not been presented during recruitment. Further, a well-designed, unambiguous job design decreases workplace dissatisfaction and turnover in the organization because the Quality Technician is fully aware of his/her responsibilities upfront. Job rotation implies a U-shaped production machinery orientation where the Quality Technician is able to experience and work in various section within manufacturing department. This not only creates a multi-skilled worker but also helps eliminate boredom and complacency that may result due to repetitive tasks. Further, it boosts the employees morale and overall performance. On selection, the Recruitment Plan has all the values to ensure diversity in selection while at the same time going for the best fit. The use of rsum banks to select qualified candidates, as well as internal advertisement will guide the organization towards selecting a candidate that is familiar with Flexitronics Limited, thus lowering the training costs. References Editor (July 15, 2015) What is an employee referral program? www.businessdictionary.com Accessed August 31, 2016. Erble, R. F. (1989). Personnel Management and Changing Innovation in Recruitment. Journal of Contemporary Education 39(6). p.277-281. Lombardo, J. Job Design: Definition and Purpose www.study.com/academy/lesson/job-design-definition-and-purpose.html Retrieved August 30, 2016. Hackman, J. R., Oldham, G. R. (2010) Not What It Was And Not What It Will Be: The Future of Job Design Research. Journal of Organizational Behavior 31, p. 463-471. Nemetz, P. N. (2003). Basic Concepts of Sustainable Development for Business Students. pp. 1-4. Journal of International Business Education. Nick, D. (2012) Hays Quarterly Report. Sharing Our Recruiting Know-How. People Fitting Positions.pdf Retrieved August 30, 2016. QA Engineer Job Molex Singapore Pte Ltd - 5422900 www.jobstreet.com.sg/en/job/qa-engineer-5422900?fr=Jsrc=2 Sulich, A. (2016) Mathematical Models and Non-mathematical Methods in Recruitment and Selection Processes. Reviewed Papers from the 17th international Conference. Mekon 2016. Wilson, M. (2007). A History of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture Essay Example For Students

Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture Essay Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture characteristics, digests, interprets and presents in a con cise and beautiful style all the wealth of material accumulated on the Christian buildings until the Gothic war in the west and the fall of Constantinople in the east. Ilie dividing line between early Christian an Byzantine architecture is drawn during the reign of Justinian I. The field of Krautheimers book was co ceived as the last, and indeed dragging on, phase late antique building rather chan, according to a m re common approach, an introduction to mediaeval wes ern architecture. It is dominated by the notion of the continuity of the Roman Empire, first Christianiz d, then definitely anchored in Byzantium. Methodical choice or historical view emailed the disregar of practically all western architecture in the Ge manized parts of Europe until the Carolingian ren ratio In the first part is rehearsed the prehistory, as it were, of Christian architecture: loculi in the cata combs, c ommunity centers like the one at Doura-E ropos, shrines such as the memorial of St. Peter, he domus ecelesiae at S. Crisogono in Rome. Churc building on a vast scale was ushered in by the edic of Milan in 313. Part 2 covers first the Comta tinian churches in Rome and Jerusalem (those founded b Constantine in Constantinople arc examined in a fo lowing chapter), and then the religious buildin s in Constantinople, the new Rome, Jerusalem, the patr archal shape of Antioch, the cradle—or favourite ho e —of the cruciform martvrium, the new capitals in he west: Milan, Trier (with its outpost at Cologne) an Rome, where until the closing decades of the 4th ce tury the pagan conservatism of the senatorial clas stood in the way and dimmed the brilliancy of churc architectural programs. The main new feature of th Constantinian basilica, the continuous transept, di not appear, as was believed until recently, in the Sav iour church of the Latcran, but at St Peter’s towar 324. K. holds that the transept was essentially a tra s versal mariyrium, a shrine, and may have bee fashioned after imperial palace architecture and erec ed above the memorial of St. Peter, counter o the theory th at it was liturgirally brought about, in th west as well as in the cast   More recently it has been reasserted that the continu ous transept achieves a tau plan symbolically con nected with the tau sign as the seal of salvation and a figure of the cross (E. Sauscr, in Lexicon fur Theolope und Kirehe For the first time the alpior mentioned by Eusebius as the â€Å"head† of the Martyrium on the Gol gorha is interpreted—and graphically reconstructed in fig. 16—as an open rotunda with its inner wreath of twelve columns, integrated within the chcvet of the Martyrium. (A variant reconstitution would inter pose a sort of transept between the nave and the four aisles of the Martyrium, and, on the other hand, the place of the finding of the True Cross at the head of the Martyrium, after the plan of the basilica of Mar cellinus and Petrus in Rome and its connected mauso leum of Helena 1312-324).) One is strongly tempted to infer that Constantine had in mind the of the Golgotha Martyrium with its twelve columns, when he planned to be buried in the Apostolcion of Constantinople surrounded by two groups of six oryXai, symbolizing, as â€Å"i mage-col u m ns,† the twelve apostles. К, however, would locate the tomb of Con stantine, before its removal to a separate mausoleum after 357, at the very center of the cruciform church, directly under a central drum. A very important addition to the iconography of Early Christian architecture, presented by K. in CahArch it (1960) 15-40, concerns the huge funeral basilicac, or halls for the anniversary ban quets, in the Campagna Romans: S. Sebastiano on the Via Appia, S. Agncsc on the Via Nomentana, SS. Mar cellinus and Petrus on the Via Labicana, S. Loreno fuori le mura. These vast, simple and functional struc tures provide the hitherto missing link between the underground martyrium and the tomh church. Two of them arc associated with imperial mausolea. The 5th century (Part 3) is split between the eastern half of the Roman Empire which managed to he by passed by the Asian and Germanic invasions, and the Latin west which was progressively submerged by the barbarians. The great difficulty of distributing so much disparate material within a few geographical boundaries more specific than the so-called regional schools is mirrored in the association of Egypt, where architecture assumed a strong national and monastic flavor, with the Aegean coastlands, where Hellenistic characteristics lingered, and in the grouping of Syria with inland countries including not only Palestine and Jordan but the high plateau of Asia Minora bracketing by and large justified by the far reaching extension of the patriarchate of Antioch. North Afri ca (Cyrenaica apart) is squeezed, in the Iatin section, between Ravenna and, on the other hand. Southern Italy, Sicily and Spain, although the Algerian and Tunisian churches share more in common with the Egyptian one s of the cloisonne type and the basilicae of the Syrian hinterland than with anything in Ra venna or along the Tyrrhenian coastlands. In Egypt the date of the ruins of St. Menas in Abu Mina will possibly have to be shifted to 457 (p. 32, n. 29), in   stead of being spread under the reign of Areadiut and Theodosius II (408-450). The dates of the first churches in Egypt with a triconch transept such as Ilcrmopolis, or a triconch sanctuary like the White Monastery at Sohag, are left with an interroga tion mark: 430-40 (?) and ea. 440. An even later date would better account for the emergence and relative frequency in Egypt of the triconch transept, side by side with the trctoil martyrium along the basilica at Tcbessa (not before 440), and with analogous plans before the palace of Mshatta: the F.piscopium at Rosra (ca. 51a?) and the palace at Kasr Ibn Wanlan. In terms of planning, the Greek churches are mainly characterized by a tripartite or a cross transept, a fea ture to which the author was instrumental in giving currency in two articles , and V Congrejso Ji Archcoiogia Cristiana a83fl). The type of those transepts, however, is not confined to Greece. It is met also in Egypt (Menas Basilica) and along the south coast of Asia Minor, and, one must add, in places as distant from each other as Gcncsarcth (Basil ica of the Multiplication of the Loaves) and Tropaios in Bulgaria. It seems that the Greek (not exclusively Greek) transepts and the Roman or continuous transepts (neither exclusively Roman, vide S. Eusebio in Vercelli and St. Peter at Salona ManaStirine) stemmed from the same archi tectural concept and served analogous liturgical pur poses. Krauthcimer agrees that the preparation of the Eucharist and the reception of offerings took place in the wings of a cross or of a tripartite transept. But in Basilica   at Perge the prothcsis and the diaconicon are located on both sides of the apse, sug gesting that the place of the clergy was reserved to the central area of the pseudo-cross transept and that the aisles continuing those of the nave were designed to screen the faithful from the service at the Ixma. When aisles enclosed totally or partially a cross tran sept, their function, in the case of maior pilgrimage basilicas like the one of St. Menas, must have been to channel the traffic of the congregation. It is hard to admit that the plan of Perge and of other basilicas with cross or pseudo-cross transepts stands â€Å"in a tradi tion which assimilates the plan of Constantines church of the Holy Apostles into a basilica.† The derivation is on the contrary convincing in the cross church with aisle* at Gaza (401) followed by the Church of the Prophets, Apostles and Martyrs at Gerasa (465) and the 6th century cross church at Salona. But three (not very telling) examples would substantiate the origin of the Greek basilica with transept in Con stantinople (two in Ebcrsolt, notices 78, and the excavation in the 2 Scrai-courtyard. ArchAnt In the patriarchate of Antioch a group of churches is hallmarked by a double shell construction combined with a quatrefoil plan: the martvrium at S cleucia- Pieria. the cathedral (now recognized as such, formerly called the martyrium at Rsafah, the cathedral at Rosra (plus the church of the Theotokos at Amida. so close in plan to the martyrium at Sclcocia-Picria). The quatrcfoil may represent a development of the funeral primitive cella truAora into a fella quad richora. The double shell may have appeared in the Golden Octagon of Constantine in Antioch, which had colonnaded aisles and, as a palatine chapel, was the very ancestor of SS. Sergios and Rakchos in Con- stantinople under Justinian [. Neither the quaucioil churches of the Antiochene type nor the Golden Octa gon were vaulted, contrary to the Roman triclinia, salutatoria and pavilions in palaces in which they arc supposed to have originated. Finally the problem of origin is obscured on the one hand by ihc enigmatic and incomplete tetraconch in the stoa of Hadrian in Athens, which the Bulgarian Red Church at Pcrustica resembles, and. on the other hand, by the double shell structure and quatrcfoil plan of S. Lorenzo in Milan. Christian Elements In Beowulf EssayThe church of Kasr ibn Wardan would point toward a Constantinopolitan prototype, because it was built with bricks imported   from Constantinople. Rut its vault dome, heavy and of a narrow span, does not bespeak unadulterated Consiantinopolitan engineering. It seems to he the successor in brick construction of the wooden dome usual in Syria and its borderlands in connection with the inscribed cross plan. A compact domed basilica, like Kasr ibn Warden, presents all the elements found in H. Sophia of Salonica in the early 8th century: a naos planned as a cross inscribed in a square and surrounded on three sides by a continuous ambulatory and a triple chcvct. The triple sanctuary became canonical after the liturgical restructuring of the 6th century. Its general adoption makes one question whether in tnc cross-domed church the â€Å"mystery† of the mass was performed in the domed central bay. The symbolical boundary between naos and sanctuary was marked by the tcmplon screening off the chancel. But the location of the amtx at the very center of the church, under the cupola, as at St. Nicholas of Myra for instance, could be explained by the symbolical value of the ambo in front of the altar where Christ is sacrificed, as the â€Å"stone rolled away from the sepulchre,† which the ministers of God ascend to an nounce the resurrection of Christ (Germanos. P.G. 98 col. 392; Simeon. P.G. 155. col. 345), so that the dome of Heaven† above the church would have been a memorial of the Anastasis of Christ. In Chapter 14 connections arc delineated between Syria, Mesopotamia and the Tur Abdin on one hand, and Egypt on the other. The Syrian type of the monophysitc church was imported into Egypt by the monastic congregation of the Tur Abdin. On an op posite axis of influences, architectural concepts born in Sassanian palaces and in Nestorian or monophysite congregations of Persia had a far reaching impact on the vaulted hall churches of Armenia and Bulgaria. In deed, many features of Bulgarian architecture would be diflicult to explain without positing the migration of forms created in the basilican churches of Armenia from the mid 6th century until the last third of the 7th century. No less manifest were counter-currents that led to a revival of the basilican type of the prc lustinian era at Aboba Pliska, or of Roman inausolca in the round church of Preslav, traditionally identified with the palatine chapel of the Bulgarian Czar Simeon (893-92)—a tradition sustained by the author. Armenia, as К. points out, was finally overcome by the great wave of ccntralizeJ building that radiated from Constantino ple. The three plans juxtaposed on fig. 94 bring evidence against the one-sided Iranian thesis of f. Strzygowski. St. Hripsimc at Vagharshanat (618) is an adaptation of an early Christian quatrcfoil plan to four diagonal niches continuing to the pave ment the squinchcs of the cupola—St. Gayanf, also at Vagharshapat (630) docs not differ from a regular domed church, and only the plan of the church at Bagaran (630) may on paper recall an Iranian fire temple. In comparing the fire temples to the Christian churches in Persia, A. Upham Pope was careful to remind us that the reason for enclosing the four cen tral arches of a fire temple with a dark continuous   Armenia, as К. points out, was finally overcome by the great wave of ccntralizeJ building that radiated from Constantinople. The three plans juxtaposed on   94 bring evidence against the one-sided Iranian thesis of f. Strzygowski. St. Hripsimc at Vagharshanat (618) is an adaptation of an early Christian quatrcfoil pla n to four diagonal niches continuing to the pave ment the squinchcs of the cupola—St. Gayanf, also at Vagharshapat (630) docs not differ from a regular domed church, and only the plan of the church at Bagaran (630) may on paper recall an Iranian fire temple. In comparing the fire temples to the Christian churches in Persia, A. Upham Pope was careful to remind us that the reason for enclosing the four cen tral arches of a fire temple with a dark continuous   ambulatory was to prevent a ray of the sun from falling on the flame burning on the altar if Survey of Persian Art I, 5506). The light symbolism of a cupola over a centrally planned church aims at exactly the opposite. In more technical terms, S. Guycr re traced the byzantinization of the Sastanian squinch (Grundl. der rntuelalterlUhen abendlandischen Bju tyinst 171, 175). In spite of those reservations, Ar menian architecture is the only one to possess more than a provincial status and to stand with that of Constantinople on an equal footing.† The country became the transmitter of the dome carried by corner squinches to Greece and Constantinople (p. 235). Part 6 presents the new types of building that were evolved in Constantinople and set the fashion for the regional schools , from the Macedonian Renaissance on, and under the houses of Ducas, Com menus and Angclus to the Ijtin conquest of 1204. The author opposes the propriety of the term Renaissance as applied to the architecture of the post-iconoclastic period, a term otherwise so fitting to describe the re newal of the humanities, the copy of Early Christian prototypes in book illumination and the flourishing of the decorative an in the X century. What characterizes architecture during the â€Å"middle Byzantine Renais sance, is a surprising dwarfing of scale of the monu ments, allied with inventiveness in the articulation of the structure and in interplay of volumes, and cer tainly not a deliberate return to architectural forms or concepts of the pre-iconoclastic era. Everybody who has had to struggle with the disquisitions of G. Millet in LEcole Grccque dans Гarchitecture byxantinc (1911) will remain thankful to Krautheimer for his clarifica tion of the chief families of churches: the atrophied Greek-cross plan, the octagon domed church, the Greek-cross octagon plan and the quincunx. The By zantine church that became standard under the Mace donian Dynasty: â€Å"a domed centre expanding into Ð ° cross and interpenetrating with an enveloping belt of subordinate spaces,† is linked to the principles of design that underlay the cross domed churches from Justinian to the early iconoclastic period. A funda mental chan ge intervened, however, in the treatment of the inner masses and in the light effects. Whereas the pre-iconoclastic churches are sturdy and even heavy, sparsely lit and revetted with rather somber marble sheathings, those of the Macedonian era are commendable for their sense of intimacy and for the subtlety of their space-light relationships. One cannot help missing here quotations from the ckphrasis writ ten by the patriarch Fhotios on the Pharos church in Constantinople, where the new style appeared (864). That ckphrasis is a wonderful piece of baroque art criticism, anticipating a modern analysis in terms of Einfiihlung. It evokes the dynamic and subjective ideal of Byantine architecture, already exemplified in Hagia Sophia, its surprising cross vistas, the psy chological transfer to the building, in terms of motion, of the emotion of the onlooker. K. would reserve the concept of â€Å"renaissance† to a few solitary, almost erratic buildings located in the   western outposts of Byzantine architecture. The derivation of S. Marco in Venice from the Apostoleton in Constantinople is a locus classicus in mediaeval archaeology, except for the contention presented here that the cupolas of S. Marco followed a remodeling of Justinian’s Apoetolcion between 940 and 979. As for the cathedra] of Pisa, this monument cannot be con sidered as â€Å"almost a freak.† It is not Buschcto who began it in 1063. His name is not documented before 1104. It is not even established that he was responsible for the change of design that transformed (after 1087) a church, begun according to a paleochristian type with double aisles, into a cruciform church with transept arms of the martyrium family. The cathedral of Pisa is nearer to St. John of Ephcsos and to II. Irene in (-onsrantinoplc than to S. Dcmctrios of Saloniki. Part 7 deals with the agony of Byzantine archi- tecture under the Palcologues until the official death of Byzantium, more from the point of view of the art historian than from that of the archaeologist. It is a debunking of the praise lavished on the sophisticated and colorful church architecture of the decadence by G. Millet and Ch. Diehl. The new centers of vitality shifted towards the second empire of Bulgaria and the new Kingdom of Serbia. The masterly synthesis of Krautheimcr offers almost as many solutions as there arc problems raised by such a complex matter. Thanks to the author’s grasp of all the facets of each and every question, no issue is ever forced. His open mind constantly checked his science and allowed him to instill into so immense a survey l ight touches of irony, true to the Greek sprit of discussion by statement and denial.